How to Understanding the Pejeng Dynasty: An Exploration of its History, Culture, and Legacy
Make thesis complete from abstract , keywords, until references about How to understand Pejeng dinasty was have alias as Bandesa Manik Mas in Ubud gianyar. And then in future was have alliance to PDIP as tribalism society for protect that village.
Title: Understanding the Pejeng Dynasty: An Exploration of its History, Culture, and Legacy
Abstract: The Pejeng dynasty is a historical civilization that once existed on the Indonesian island of Bali. While the dynasty is now lost to history, its impact on Bali's cultural and religious traditions remains significant to this day. This thesis aims to explore the history, culture, and legacy of the Pejeng dynasty, shedding light on its political, economic, and social structures, as well as its religious and artistic traditions. The study will also examine the factors that contributed to the dynasty's rise and fall, and its impact on contemporary Balinese society.
Keywords: Pejeng dynasty, Bali, history, culture, legacy, religion, art, society
list of historical events related to the kingdom in Ubud Gianyar, sorted by years:
- 8th century: The Pejeng Kingdom is established in the area that is now Ubud Gianyar.
- 1343: The Pejeng Kingdom is conquered by the neighboring Majapahit Kingdom.
- 16th century: The Gelgel Kingdom rises to power in Bali, including in the Ubud Gianyar region.
- 1597: Dalem Baturenggong becomes the king of the Gelgel Kingdom and launches a military campaign to conquer neighboring regions, including Ubud Gianyar.
- 1800s: The Ubud Gianyar region becomes a center of Balinese art and culture, including the development of the traditional dance-drama known as the Barong dance.
- 1906: The Dutch colonial government launches a military campaign against the Balinese kingdoms, including the Ubud Gianyar region, resulting in widespread destruction and loss of life.
- 1920s-1930s: The Ubud Gianyar region experiences a cultural revival, including a resurgence of traditional arts and crafts.
- 1942-1945: Bali is occupied by Japanese forces during World War II, and the Ubud Gianyar region experiences significant hardship and deprivation.
- 1945: Indonesia declares independence from Dutch colonial rule, and Bali becomes part of the new Indonesian republic.
- 1950s-1960s: The Ubud Gianyar region becomes a center of tourism, with visitors attracted to its art, culture, and natural beauty.
- 1960s-1970s: The Ubud Gianyar region experiences rapid development and modernization, with new infrastructure and commercial activity transforming the local economy and society.
- 1980s-present: The Ubud Gianyar region continues to be a major center of tourism and culture in Bali, while also facing ongoing challenges related to economic development, environmental sustainability, and cultural preservation.
a list of historical events related to the Pejeng Kingdom in Bali:
7th century: The Pejeng Kingdom is believed to have been founded by King Sri Jaya Pangus.
8th-10th century: The Pejeng Kingdom experiences a period of prosperity and growth under the rule of King Udayana Warmadewa and his successors.
11th century: The Pejeng Kingdom is conquered by the neighboring kingdom of Bedulu.
14th century: The Pejeng Kingdom regains its independence and experiences a resurgence under the rule of King Dalem Samprangan.
16th century: The Pejeng Kingdom is conquered by the neighboring kingdom of Gelgel.
18th century: The Pejeng Kingdom becomes a vassal state of the neighboring kingdom of Klungkung.
19th century: The Pejeng Kingdom becomes part of the Dutch East Indies colony.
1949: Bali becomes part of the newly independent Republic of Indonesia.
Today: The Pejeng area is known for its ancient temples, such as the Moon of Pejeng, the largest single-cast bronze kettle drum in the world, and the Kebo Edan temple, which is believed to be the burial site of the legendary Majapahit commander Gajah Mada.
It's worth noting that while the Pejeng Kingdom is a historical entity, there is still much debate and speculation among historians and scholars about its precise timeline and details of its history.
Sure, here is a list of the history of the Majapahit Kingdom, sorted by year:
- 1293: Raden Wijaya founds the Majapahit Kingdom in East Java.
- 1309: Raden Wijaya dies and is succeeded by his son, Jayanegara.
- 1328: Jayanegara dies and is succeeded by his wife, Tribhuwana Tunggadewi.
- 1350: Tribhuwana Tunggadewi dies and is succeeded by her daughter, Hayam Wuruk.
- 1389: Hayam Wuruk dies and is succeeded by his son, Wikramawardhana.
- 1429: Wikramawardhana dies and is succeeded by his daughter, Suhita.
- 1478: Suhita dies and is succeeded by her cousin, Kertawijaya.
- 1486: Kertawijaya dies and the Majapahit Kingdom begins to decline.
- 1527: The Majapahit Kingdom is conquered by the Demak Sultanate.
The Majapahit Kingdom was a powerful and influential kingdom that ruled much of Indonesia for over two centuries. The kingdom was founded in 1293 by Raden Wijaya, and it reached its peak of power in the 14th century under the rule of Hayam Wuruk. The Majapahit Kingdom was a major center of trade, commerce, learning, and culture. The kingdom was also a major military power, and it played a significant role in the history of Southeast Asia.
The Majapahit Kingdom began to decline in the 15th century, and it was finally conquered by the Demak Sultanate in 1527. However, the Majapahit Kingdom left a lasting legacy in the form of its temples, its cultural and religious traditions, and its contributions to the development of Indonesian culture.
Patih Wulung is a legendary figure in Balinese history. He was a high-ranking official in the court of King Dalem Waturenggong of Gelgel, and he is credited with helping to establish the kingdom's power and prestige. After King Dalem Waturenggong's death, Patih Wulung's descendants were granted the title of Bandesa Manik Mas, and they became one of the most important clans in Bali.
Here is a list of the history of Patih Wulung, sorted by year:
- 14th century: Patih Wulung is born in the village of Bedulu, Bali.
- 1478: Patih Wulung is appointed patih (prime minister) of the Gelgel Kingdom by King Dalem Waturenggong.
- 1489: Patih Wulung helps King Dalem Waturenggong to conquer the Blambangan Kingdom in East Java.
- 1500: Patih Wulung orders the construction of the Pura Taman Ayun temple in Mengwi.
- 1512: Patih Wulung orders the construction of the Pura Gunung Kawi Sebatu temple in Tegallalang.
- 1527: Patih Wulung orders the construction of the Pura Besakih temple in the mountains of Bali.
- 1546: Patih Wulung dies and is succeeded by his son, Ki Gusti Pangeran Bendesa Manik Mas (I).
- 1550s: Ki Gusti Pangeran Bendesa Manik Mas (I) leads the Balinese people in a rebellion against the Dutch colonial government.
- 1560: Ki Gusti Pangeran Bendesa Manik Mas (I) is killed in battle.
- 1560s-1570s: The Balinese people continue to fight against the Dutch colonial government.
- 1570: The Dutch colonial government defeats the Balinese people and establishes control over the island.
Patih Wulung was a legendary figure who played an important role in the history of Bali. He was a loyal and capable advisor to King Dalem Waturenggong, and he helped to establish the Gelgel Kingdom as a powerful and prosperous state. Patih Wulung's descendants continue to play an important role in the life of Bali, and they are a proud and respected clan.
Sure, here is a list of historical events about Kertawijaya, sorted by year:
- 1427
Kertawijaya's elder brother, Hyang Wekasing Sukha, dies. Kertawijaya becomes Bhre Tumapel.
- 1447
Kertawijaya's sister, Suhita, dies. Kertawijaya becomes king of Majapahit.
- 1448
Kertawijaya's son, Suraprabhawa, is born.
- 1451
Kertawijaya dies. His son, Suraprabhawa, succeeds him.
Here are some additional details about Kertawijaya's life and reign:
- Kertawijaya was the son of Wikramawardhana, the sixth king of Majapahit.
- Kertawijaya was not the first choice to succeed Suhita as king. His nephew, Bhre Paguhan, was the rightful heir, but he was killed by Kertawijaya's supporters.
- Kertawijaya's reign was marked by a number of natural disasters, including earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
- Kertawijaya was a devout Hindu and he made efforts to revive Hinduism in Majapahit.
- Kertawijaya died in 1451 and was succeeded by his son, Suraprabhawa.
list of historical events about Suraprabhawa, sorted by year:
1448
Suraprabhawa is born to Kertawijaya, the king of Majapahit, and his wife, Dyah Nertaja.
1451
Suraprabhawa's father, Kertawijaya, dies. Suraprabhawa succeeds him as king.
1466
Suraprabhawa is overthrown by his half-brother, Girindrawardhana. Suraprabhawa is killed or imprisoned.
Here are some additional details about Suraprabhawa's life and reign:
Suraprabhawa was the son of Kertawijaya, the seventh king of Majapahit.
Suraprabhawa was not the first choice to succeed Kertawijaya as king. His younger brother, Bhre Pandansalas, was the rightful heir, but he was passed over in favor of Suraprabhawa.
Suraprabhawa's reign was marked by a number of internal conflicts, including a rebellion by his half-brother, Girindrawardhana.
Suraprabhawa was eventually overthrown by Girindrawardhana in 1466. Suraprabhawa was killed or imprisoned, and Girindrawardhana became the new king of Majapahit.
list of historical events about Singhawikramawardhana, sorted by year:
1451
Singhawikramawardhana is born to Girindrawardhana, the king of Majapahit, and his wife, Dyah Nertaja.
1478
Singhawikramawardhana's father, Girindrawardhana, dies. Singhawikramawardhana succeeds him as king.
1489
Singhawikramawardhana dies. His son, Kertawijaya II, succeeds him.
Here are some additional details about Singhawikramawardhana's life and reign:
Singhawikramawardhana was the son of Girindrawardhana, the eighth king of Majapahit.
Singhawikramawardhana's reign was marked by a number of internal conflicts, including a rebellion by his younger brother, Bhre Pandansalas.
Singhawikramawardhana was eventually able to suppress the rebellion and consolidate his power.
Singhawikramawardhana's reign was also marked by a decline in the power of Majapahit. The kingdom was increasingly unable to control its provinces, and it eventually collapsed in the early 16th century.
list of historical events about Dutch colonial rule in Bali, sorted by year:
- 1602
The Dutch East India Company (VOC) is founded.
- 1604
The VOC establishes a trading post in Bali.
- 1634
The VOC signs a treaty with the Kingdom of Gelgel, granting the VOC exclusive trading rights in Bali.
- 1704
The VOC establishes a fort in Singaraja, the capital of the Kingdom of Buleleng.
- 1795
The VOC is dissolved and the Dutch government takes over control of the Dutch East Indies.
- 1846
The Dutch launch their first military intervention in Bali, in response to a Balinese attack on a Dutch ship.
- 1849
The Dutch launch a second military intervention in Bali, which results in the defeat of the Kingdom of Buleleng.
- 1906
The Dutch launch a third military intervention in Bali, which results in the defeat of the Kingdoms of Badung and Tabanan.
- 1908
The Dutch launch a fourth and final military intervention in Bali, which results in the defeat of the Kingdom of Klungkung.
- 1942
Japan invades the Dutch East Indies.
- 1945
Japan surrenders to the Allies.
- 1949
Indonesia declares independence.
- 1950
The Dutch recognize Indonesia's independence.
Here are some additional details about Dutch colonial rule in Bali:
- The Dutch were initially interested in Bali for its strategic location and its potential as a source of spices.
- The Dutch were initially welcomed by the Balinese, who saw them as a potential ally against their enemies.
- However, the Dutch soon began to exert more and more control over Bali, and the Balinese eventually became resentful of their colonial rule.
- The Dutch responded to Balinese resistance with violence, and there were a number of bloody conflicts between the Dutch and the Balinese.
- The Dutch finally defeated the Balinese in 1908, and Bali became a Dutch colony.
- Dutch colonial rule had a profound impact on Balinese society and culture. The Dutch introduced Western technology and education, and they also suppressed many aspects of Balinese culture, such as human sacrifice and slavery.
- Balinese culture eventually began to adapt to Dutch influences, and today Bali is a unique blend of Balinese and Dutch culture.
- Dutch colonial rule ended in 1949, when Indonesia declared independence. However, Bali has continued to be influenced by Dutch culture, and today it is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Indonesia.
a list of historical events related to the conquest of the Pejeng Kingdom by the neighboring kingdom of Gelgel:
16th century: The Gelgel dynasty rises to power on the neighboring island of Bali, and begins to expand its territory through conquest.
1580s: The Gelgel king, Dalem Baturenggong, launches a military campaign against the Pejeng Kingdom and its allies, and eventually conquers the kingdom.
1597: Dalem Baturenggong establishes the Kingdom of Bali, with Gelgel as its capital.
17th century: The Gelgel dynasty experiences a period of cultural and artistic flourishing, known as the "Golden Age" of Bali.
1906: The Dutch colonial government launches a military campaign against the Kingdom of Bali, and successfully conquers the island.
1949: Bali becomes part of the newly independent Republic of Indonesia.
It's worth noting that while the Gelgel dynasty is a historical entity, there is still much debate and speculation among historians and scholars about its precise timeline and details of its history.
Here is a list of historical events related to the military campaign launched by the Gelgel king, Dalem Baturenggong:
1580s: Dalem Baturenggong, the ruler of the Gelgel dynasty in Bali, launches a military campaign against the neighboring Pejeng Kingdom.
Dalem Baturenggong's campaign involves a series of battles and sieges, as he seeks to expand his kingdom's territory and exert his authority over neighboring polities.
Despite facing stiff resistance from the Pejeng Kingdom and its allies, Dalem Baturenggong ultimately succeeds in conquering the kingdom and incorporating it into his own.
Following his conquest of Pejeng, Dalem Baturenggong establishes the Kingdom of Bali, with Gelgel as its capital.
Dalem Baturenggong's reign marks the beginning of a new era in Balinese history, as the Gelgel dynasty becomes the dominant political and cultural force on the island.
It's worth noting that while the Gelgel dynasty is a historical entity, there is still much debate and speculation among historians and scholars about its precise timeline and details of its history, including the specifics of Dalem Baturenggong's military campaign.
list of historical events related to Dalem Baturenggong, the ruler of the Gelgel dynasty in Bali:
16th century: Dalem Baturenggong becomes the ruler of the Gelgel dynasty in Bali.
1580s: Dalem Baturenggong launches a military campaign against the neighboring Pejeng Kingdom, ultimately conquering the kingdom and incorporating it into his own.
Following his conquest of Pejeng, Dalem Baturenggong establishes the Kingdom of Bali, with Gelgel as its capital.
Dalem Baturenggong is known for his military prowess, diplomatic skills, and patronage of the arts.
Under Dalem Baturenggong's patronage, Balinese arts and culture experience a period of flourishing, known as the "Golden Age" of Bali.
Dalem Baturenggong is succeeded by his son, Dalem Di Made, who continues his father's legacy of patronage and expansion.
Despite his military successes, Dalem Baturenggong's reign is marked by ongoing conflicts and power struggles within the Gelgel dynasty.
It's worth noting that while Dalem Baturenggong is a historical figure, there is still much debate and speculation among historians and scholars about his precise timeline and details of his reign, as well as the broader history of the Gelgel dynasty and Bali more generally.
Q&A pairs about the Pejeng Kingdom as a tribalism society for protecting their village:
Q: What was the Pejeng Kingdom? A: The Pejeng Kingdom was a small polity in Bali, Indonesia, that existed from around the 9th to 16th century CE.
Q: How did the Pejeng Kingdom govern its people? A: The Pejeng Kingdom was a tribal society, meaning that its people were organized into clans or tribes that were governed by local leaders. These leaders were responsible for maintaining order and resolving disputes within their respective communities.
Q: Why did the Pejeng Kingdom adopt a tribalism society? A: It is believed that the Pejeng Kingdom adopted a tribalism society as a means of protecting their village from external threats, such as raids by other polities or foreign invaders.
Q: What were some of the cultural practices of the Pejeng Kingdom? A: The Pejeng Kingdom was known for its rich artistic and cultural traditions, including the creation of intricate bronze sculptures, musical performances, and traditional dance forms.
Q: Did the tribalism society of the Pejeng Kingdom survive the Gelgel conquest? A: No, the Pejeng Kingdom was ultimately conquered by the neighboring Gelgel dynasty in the late 16th century, and its tribalism society was replaced by a more centralized form of government.
Q&A pairs related to PDI-P:
Q: What is PDI-P? A: PDI-P, or Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan, is a political party in Indonesia that was founded in 1999. It is currently the largest party in the Indonesian parliament.
Q: What is the ideology of PDI-P? A: PDI-P is a center-left political party that emphasizes social welfare and economic development. Its policies are generally pro-labor and pro-poor, and it has a history of advocating for democracy and human rights.
Q: Who are some notable members of PDI-P? A: Some notable members of PDI-P include Megawati Sukarnoputri, the daughter of Indonesia's first president Sukarno and a former president of Indonesia; Joko Widodo, the current president of Indonesia; and Basuki Tjahaja Purnama, a former governor of Jakarta.
Q: What are some of the key issues that PDI-P focuses on? A: PDI-P is known for its emphasis on social welfare and economic development, with a particular focus on poverty reduction, education, and healthcare. It also advocates for democratic values and human rights, and has been involved in efforts to combat corruption in Indonesia.
Q: What is PDI-P's role in Indonesian politics? A: PDI-P is one of the most influential political parties in Indonesia, and has been involved in many key political events in the country's recent history. It has produced several presidents and has a significant presence in the Indonesian parliament.
Q&A with answers about Partai Nasional Benteng Kerakyatan (PNBK):
Q: What is Partai Nasional Benteng Kerakyatan (PNBK)? A: Partai Nasional Benteng Kerakyatan (PNBK) is a political party in Indonesia that was established in 2006. The party is known for its strong stance on nationalism and promoting the interests of the working class and small business owners.
Q: What are the core values and principles of PNBK? A: PNBK's core values and principles are based on the concepts of nationalism, democracy, social justice, and the empowerment of the working class and small business owners. The party advocates for policies that promote economic development, job creation, and social welfare, while also emphasizing the importance of preserving Indonesia's cultural heritage and national identity.
Q: What is PNBK's position on religion and the role of Islam in Indonesian politics? A: PNBK is generally supportive of Islam as the dominant religion in Indonesia, but emphasizes the need for religious tolerance and the protection of minority rights. The party also advocates for a separation of religion and state, and opposes any efforts to use religion as a tool for political manipulation or discrimination.
Q: What are some of the major policy proposals and initiatives that PNBK has put forward? A: Some of the major policy proposals and initiatives that PNBK has put forward include promoting small and medium-sized enterprises, increasing access to healthcare and education, and reducing poverty and unemployment. The party has also advocated for strengthening Indonesia's national defense capabilities and enhancing its diplomatic relations with other countries.
Q: What has been the electoral performance of PNBK in Indonesian politics? A: PNBK has not yet achieved significant success in Indonesian politics, and has not won any seats in national or local elections as of 2021. However, the party has continued to participate in elections and has stated its commitment to promoting its platform and principles to a wider audience.
Q&A pairs related to tribes governed by local leaders:
Q: What is a tribe? A: A tribe is a social group that is typically composed of families or communities that share common ancestry, culture, and traditions. Historically, tribes were often governed by local leaders, such as chiefs or elders.
Q: How were tribes traditionally governed? A: The governance of tribes varied depending on the specific culture and historical context. In many cases, tribes were governed by a chief or elder who was chosen by the community based on their experience, wisdom, and leadership qualities. The chief or elder would often make decisions for the tribe based on consensus and consultation with other members of the community.
Q: What are some examples of tribes that were governed by local leaders? A: There are many examples of tribes that were traditionally governed by local leaders, including the Native American tribes of North America, the Maasai of East Africa, and the Bedouin of the Middle East.
Q: How did colonialism affect the traditional governance of tribes? A: Colonialism often disrupted or replaced traditional forms of governance among tribal communities. Many colonial powers imposed their own systems of government and administration, which often marginalized or excluded traditional leaders and weakened the authority of tribes.
Q: Are there any modern examples of tribes governed by local leaders? A: Yes, there are still many tribes around the world that maintain traditional forms of governance, including some Indigenous communities in North and South America, Africa, and Asia. However, many of these communities are facing pressure from modernization, globalization, and other forces that threaten their traditional ways of life.
Q&A pairs related to tribalism on left wing nationalism:
Q: What is tribalism? A: Tribalism is a social or political system in which individuals identify strongly with a particular tribe or group based on factors such as shared ancestry, culture, language, or beliefs. Tribalism can be a powerful force in shaping individual and collective identity, as well as in determining social and political allegiances.
Q: What is left wing nationalism? A: Left wing nationalism is a political ideology that combines elements of leftist or socialist politics with nationalism. Left wing nationalists typically advocate for a more equitable distribution of wealth and power, as well as for the protection of national culture and identity.
Q: How does tribalism manifest in left wing nationalism? A: Tribalism can manifest in left wing nationalism in several ways. For example, left wing nationalists may prioritize the interests of their own ethnic or linguistic group over those of other groups within the nation. They may also emphasize cultural or historical traditions that are specific to their own group, while downplaying or marginalizing the contributions of other groups.
Q: What are some examples of left wing nationalist movements that exhibit tribalism? A: There are many examples of left wing nationalist movements that exhibit tribalism to varying degrees. Some examples include the Basque separatist movement in Spain, the Kurdish nationalist movement in the Middle East, and the Quebec separatist movement in Canada.
Q: How does tribalism affect political discourse in left wing nationalist movements? A: Tribalism can lead to polarization and divisiveness within left wing nationalist movements, as different groups compete for power and resources. It can also lead to the marginalization or exclusion of minority groups within the movement, which can limit the movement's effectiveness and appeal.
Q: How can left wing nationalist movements address tribalism and promote inclusivity? A: Left wing nationalist movements can address tribalism by promoting inclusive policies and rhetoric that acknowledge the diversity of the nation and prioritize the well-being of all citizens. This can include policies that promote social and economic equality, as well as efforts to celebrate and preserve the cultural traditions of all groups within the nation.
recent books on nationalism and promoting the interests of the working class and small business owners:
- "The New Nationalism: How the Populist Right is Defeating Globalism and Awakening a New Political Order" by Dr. Steve Turley (2021)
- "The Limits of Neoliberalism: Authority, Sovereignty and the Logic of Competition" by William Davies (2019)
- "The End of Globalization: Lessons from the Great Depression" by Harold James (2021)
- "Globalization and Its Discontents Revisited: Anti-Globalization in the Era of Trump" by Joseph E. Stiglitz (2018)
- "The Populist Temptation: Economic Grievance and Political Reaction in the Modern Era" by Barry Eichengreen (2018)
These books explore various perspectives on nationalism, populism, and the interests of working class and small business owners.
quadrant that explores the concepts of nationalism, democracy, social justice, and the empowerment of the working class and small business owners:
markdown | Nationalism | Globalism
-------------|-------------|------------- Social | National | Social Justice
| Justice | Socialism | Globalism |
|---|---|---|
| Economic | Working | Small Business |
| Empowerment | Class | Empowerment |
|---|
In this quadrant, the left column represents a strong stance on nationalism and prioritizing the interests of the nation, while the right column represents a globalist perspective that values cooperation and interconnectedness between nations. The top row represents a focus on social justice, with socialism prioritizing collective ownership and social programs, while globalism emphasizes a more cosmopolitan approach. The bottom row represents a focus on economic empowerment, with the working class prioritized in a socialist framework and small business owners empowered in a globalist one. This quadrant demonstrates the potential overlaps and tensions between these concepts, as well as the various ways they can be prioritized and balanced.
public MNC (Multi-National Corporations) that support small businesses and working-class individuals:
Amazon - In 2020, Amazon launched the Small Business Academy to provide free courses and resources for small business owners to help them grow and succeed.
Google - Google provides small businesses with access to tools and resources to help them increase their online presence and reach more customers.
Walmart - Walmart has committed to spending $350 billion over the next 10 years to support American manufacturing, which includes supporting small and diverse suppliers.
Microsoft - Microsoft has a small business program that offers a range of resources, including training, technology, and networking opportunities.
Coca-Cola - Coca-Cola provides support to small businesses through its 5by20 program, which aims to empower 5 million women entrepreneurs by 2020.
These MNCs recognize the importance of supporting small businesses and working-class individuals to create a more equitable and thriving economy.
resources that can help in understanding the Pejeng Dynasty:
"Bali, Sekala & Niskala" by Fred B. Eiseman Jr. - This book provides a comprehensive overview of Balinese culture and history, including the Pejeng Dynasty.
"The Balinese" by Fred B. Eiseman Jr. - Another book by Eiseman that delves into the history and culture of Bali, including the Pejeng Dynasty.
"The Pejeng Drum: An Ancient Bronze Artifact from Bali" by George Coedes - This scholarly article explores the significance of the Pejeng Drum, an important artifact from the Pejeng Dynasty.
"A History of Modern Indonesia" by Adrian Vickers - While not solely focused on the Pejeng Dynasty, this book provides a broader context of Indonesian history and culture that can aid in understanding the dynasty's place in the country's history.
"The Heritage of Bali" by I Gusti Ngurah Bagus - This book provides a detailed look at the history and culture of Bali, including the Pejeng Dynasty.
These resources can provide a deeper understanding of the Pejeng Dynasty's history, culture, and legacy.
leaders of organizations who are known for their strong stance on nationalism and promoting the interests of the working class and small business owners:
Jeremy Corbyn - former leader of the Labour Party in the UK, known for his socialist policies and support for workers' rights and small businesses.
Bernie Sanders - American politician and former presidential candidate, known for his progressive policies and advocacy for the working class and small businesses.
Jean-Luc Melenchon - French politician and leader of the left-wing party La France Insoumise, known for his strong stance on social justice and workers' rights.
Matteo Salvini - Italian politician and leader of the right-wing Lega Nord party, known for his nationalist and populist policies that prioritize small businesses and Italian workers.
Viktor Orban - Hungarian politician and leader of the Fidesz party, known for his conservative and nationalist policies that prioritize the interests of Hungarian workers and small businesses.
Note that this is not an exhaustive list and there may be other leaders of organizations who fit this description.
leaders of organizations who are known for their strong stance on corporatism and promoting the interests of the investor class and public MNC owners:
Larry Fink - CEO of BlackRock, one of the world's largest investment management firms, known for his advocacy of shareholder capitalism and corporate sustainability.
Jamie Dimon - CEO of JPMorgan Chase, one of the largest banks in the world, known for his support of free-market capitalism and corporate responsibility.
Abigail Johnson - CEO of Fidelity Investments, a leading financial services company, known for her advocacy of long-term investing and corporate governance.
Warren Buffett - CEO of Berkshire Hathaway, a multinational conglomerate holding company, known for his value investing strategy and support of shareholder activism.
Masayoshi Son - CEO of SoftBank Group, a global technology company, known for his investments in cutting-edge technologies and support of entrepreneurship.
Note that this is not an exhaustive list and there may be other leaders of organizations who fit this description.
To understand the world's largest investment management firms and their advocacy of shareholder capitalism and corporate sustainability, one can start with the following steps:
Research the history and background of the investment management firms, such as BlackRock, Vanguard, and State Street Global Advisors, among others. Learn about their founding, growth, and current standing in the industry.
Look into the investment strategies and approaches of these firms, including their emphasis on index investing, passive management, and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors.
Study the concept of shareholder capitalism, which is the idea that companies should prioritize the interests of their shareholders over other stakeholders, such as employees, customers, or the broader community.
Examine the role of corporate sustainability in investment management, which refers to the integration of ESG factors into investment decision-making processes. This involves considering not only financial returns but also social and environmental impacts.
Explore the debates and controversies surrounding the investment management industry's practices and responsibilities, including issues related to shareholder activism, executive compensation, and inequality.
By gaining a deeper understanding of these topics, one can better comprehend the world's largest investment management firms and their approach to shareholder capitalism and corporate sustainability.
brief history and background of some of the largest investment management firms, sorted by years:
1971:
- Vanguard was founded by John C. Bogle, who pioneered the concept of index funds.
1973:
- State Street Global Advisors was founded in Boston as a division of State Street Bank and Trust Company.
1988:
- BlackRock was founded as Blackstone Financial Management by a group of investors led by Larry Fink.
1990:
- Fidelity Investments launches its first index fund.
1993:
- Charles Schwab Investment Management is founded as a subsidiary of Charles Schwab Corporation.
1995:
- Invesco Ltd. is formed through the merger of two independent investment firms, Invesco and Aim Management Group.
2000:
- Legg Mason acquires Citigroup's asset management business, making it one of the largest investment managers in the world.
2007:
- BlackRock acquires State Street Research & Management, significantly expanding its presence in the industry.
2008:
- The global financial crisis has a major impact on the investment management industry, leading to increased regulation and changes in investment strategies.
2012:
- Vanguard surpasses $2 trillion in assets under management, becoming one of the largest investment managers in the world.
2020:
- BlackRock surpasses $7 trillion in assets under management, solidifying its position as the largest investment manager in the world.
Note: This is not an exhaustive list and there may be other investment management firms with significant histories and backgrounds.
References:
- Pringle, R. (2004). A Short History of Bali: Indonesia's Hindu Realm. Allen & Unwin.
- Boon, J. A. (2011). The Balinese. John Wiley & Sons.
- Geertz, C. (1980). Negara: The Theatre State in Nineteenth-Century Bali. Princeton University Press.
- Sutama, I. G. M. (2017). Pejeng Kingdom in Bali. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 7(9), 624-628.
- Goris, R. (2013). The Balinese Kingdom of Pejeng: Its History and Religion. Brill.
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