How to realize The Coexistence of Traditional and Modern Medicine: The Case of Shamanic Communities and Their Engagement with Modern Healthcare Services

   Make thesis complete from abstract , keywords, until references about How to realize that witchcraft has kept many people from going to the specialist. while the shaman even went to the doctor when he got sick.

Title: "The Coexistence of Traditional and Modern Medicine: The Case of Shamanic Communities and Their Engagement with Modern Healthcare Services."

Abstract: The coexistence of traditional and modern medicine has long been a subject of interest for healthcare practitioners and researchers alike. In many shamanic communities, shamanic practices and beliefs have been deeply integrated into the culture, and it has been observed that the shaman even goes to the doctor when he or she gets sick. This thesis aims to explore the reasons behind this coexistence of traditional and modern medicine, and to investigate the factors that influence the shaman's decision to seek modern healthcare services.

Keywords: traditional medicine, modern medicine, shamanism, healthcare, cultural beliefs

Introduction:

brief list of some significant events in the history of specialist doctors:

• 2000 BCE: The ancient Egyptians developed specialized medical professions, including ophthalmology and dentistry.
• 460 BCE: Hippocrates, the "father of medicine," developed the concept of medical specialties and wrote about the importance of specialization in medicine.
• 1800s: The rise of medical schools and formal medical education led to more specialized fields of medicine, such as pediatrics, gynecology, and psychiatry.
• 1900s: Advances in medical technology and research led to the development of even more specialized fields, such as neurology, cardiology, and oncology.
• 1960s: The American Medical Association recognized the need for board certification in medical specialties and established the American Board of Medical Specialties.
• 21st century: Advances in medical technology and research continue to lead to the development of new and increasingly specialized fields, such as medical genetics and nanomedicine.

Note that this is not an exhaustive or comprehensive list, and there are many other events and developments in the history of specialist doctors that could be included.

brief history of shamanism by year:

• 30,000 BCE: Shamanism is believed to have originated in Paleolithic societies, where early humans practiced animism and revered natural objects.
• 8,000 BCE: Shamanistic practices have been documented in neolithic cultures, particularly in Siberia, where shamanistic rituals were performed to ensure successful hunts and bountiful crops.
• 4,000 BCE: Shamanistic practices spread throughout Central Asia and into Mongolia and China.
• 2,000 BCE: Shamanism becomes widespread in the Americas, particularly among indigenous populations in North and South America.
• 500 BCE: The shamanistic tradition develops in Tibet, where it becomes intertwined with Buddhist practices.
• 300 CE: Shamanism spreads to Korea, where it is integrated with Confucianism and Taoism.
• 1200 CE: Shamanism becomes a major religious tradition in Mongolia and other Central Asian countries.
• 1600 CE: The spread of Christianity and Islam leads to a decline in shamanistic practices in many parts of the world.
• 1900 CE: Shamanism experiences a resurgence in popularity in the Western world, particularly in the New Age and neo-pagan movements.

It's important to note that shamanism is a diverse and multifaceted tradition with many variations and regional differences. This timeline is a general overview and does not capture the full complexity of the history of shamanism.

Q: What is a specialist doctor? A: A specialist doctor is a medical professional who has undergone additional training in a specific field of medicine beyond their general medical education.

Q: How do you become a specialist doctor? A: To become a specialist doctor, one must complete medical school, a residency program in their desired specialty, and often a fellowship program for further specialization.

Q: What are some common specialties in medicine? A: Some common specialties in medicine include cardiology, dermatology, neurology, oncology, pediatrics, psychiatry, and surgery.

Q: What is the difference between a specialist doctor and a general practitioner? A: A specialist doctor has undergone additional training in a specific field of medicine, while a general practitioner provides primary care and does not have specialized training beyond their general medical education.

Q: When should I see a specialist doctor? A: You should see a specialist doctor when you have a specific medical condition or concern that requires specialized knowledge and treatment beyond what a general practitioner can provide.

Q: Are specialist doctors more expensive than general practitioners? A: Specialist doctors may be more expensive than general practitioners, as they have undergone additional training and have specialized knowledge and skills. However, the cost of medical care can vary depending on factors such as location, insurance coverage, and individual doctor fees.

The coexistence of traditional and modern medicine in many shamanic communities has often been viewed as a paradoxical phenomenon. While shamanic practices and beliefs have been deeply rooted in the culture, it is not uncommon for shamans to seek modern healthcare services when they become sick. This thesis seeks to explore the reasons behind this phenomenon and investigate the factors that influence the shaman's decision to seek modern healthcare services.

Literature Review:

recent books related to specialist doctors and healthcare costs in general:

1. "The Price We Pay: What Broke American Health Care--and How to Fix It" by Marty Makary
2. "An American Sickness: How Healthcare Became Big Business and How You Can Take It Back" by Elisabeth Rosenthal
3. "The Patient Will See You Now: The Future of Medicine Is in Your Hands" by Eric Topol
4. "The Healing of America: A Global Quest for Better, Cheaper, and Fairer Health Care" by T.R. Reid
5. "Unaccountable: What Hospitals Won't Tell You and How Transparency Can Revolutionize Health Care" by Marty Makary

Research has shown that the coexistence of traditional and modern medicine in many communities is due to a number of factors. These include the belief that traditional medicine can complement modern medicine, the availability of modern healthcare services, and the desire to comply with societal norms. Additionally, the use of traditional medicine has been linked to the maintenance of cultural identity and the preservation of cultural heritage.

Methodology:

a possible quadrant about medicine from specialist doctors:

	Positive	Negative
Internal Factors	Strengths:<br>- Advanced knowledge and training<br>- Ability to diagnose complex medical conditions<br>- Access to cutting-edge medical technology<br>- Specialization in specific medical fields<br><br>Opportunities:<br>- Higher salary potential<br>- Ability to improve patient health outcomes<br>- Ability to contribute to medical research<br><br>Weaknesses:<br>- Higher cost of medical services<br>- Limited availability of specialists in certain regions or fields<br>- Potential for misdiagnosis or medical errors<br><br>	Threats:<br>- Rising healthcare costs<br>- Inequality of access to medical specialists<br>- Malpractice lawsuits<br>- Pressure to meet high patient expectations

Note: This quadrant is just one possible way to approach the topic and is not comprehensive.

This thesis employs a mixed-methods approach, including a qualitative case study and a survey questionnaire, to investigate the factors that influence the shaman's decision to seek modern healthcare services. The qualitative case study involves interviews with shamans and healthcare practitioners in shamanic communities, while the survey questionnaire is administered to members of the community.

Results:

1. Developing understanding and respect for traditional medicine: Traditional medicine, such as shamanism, has been passed down through generations and is deeply rooted in many cultures. It is important to recognize its value and respect its role in the community.

2. Bridging the gap between traditional and modern medicine: Modern healthcare services can be complementary to traditional medicine. By bridging the gap between the two, individuals can receive the best possible care.

3. Improving access to modern healthcare services: Many traditional communities may lack access to modern healthcare services. Efforts should be made to improve access to these services, while still acknowledging and respecting traditional medicine.

4. Encouraging collaboration between traditional healers and modern healthcare providers: Collaboration between traditional healers and modern healthcare providers can lead to a more comprehensive and holistic approach to healthcare.

5. Education and training: Education and training can play a key role in improving understanding and collaboration between traditional healers and modern healthcare providers.

public multinational companies (MNCs) that are involved in the production and distribution of generic and/or patented medicine:

1. Pfizer Inc. - This American MNC is one of the world's largest pharmaceutical companies, producing both generic and patented medicines.

2. Novartis International AG - This Swiss MNC is involved in the production and distribution of both generic and patented medicines.

3. Sanofi - This French MNC produces both generic and patented medicines and is one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world.

4. GlaxoSmithKline plc - This British MNC produces both generic and patented medicines and is one of the world's largest pharmaceutical companies.

5. Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. - This Israeli MNC is one of the world's largest producers of generic medicines.

6. Mylan N.V. - This American MNC is also a leading producer of generic medicines.

7. Merck & Co., Inc. - This American MNC is a major producer of patented medicines.

8. Roche Holding AG - This Swiss MNC produces both generic and patented medicines and is one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world.

9. AstraZeneca plc - This British-Swedish MNC produces both generic and patented medicines.

10. Johnson & Johnson - This American MNC produces both generic and patented medicines and is one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world.

Preliminary findings suggest that the shaman's decision to seek modern healthcare services is influenced by a number of factors, including the severity of the illness, the availability of modern healthcare services, and the perceived effectiveness of traditional medicine. Additionally, the desire to comply with societal norms and the need to maintain cultural identity have also been identified as significant factors.

Conclusion: The coexistence of traditional and modern medicine in shamanic communities highlights the importance of understanding the role of cultural beliefs and practices in healthcare decision-making. The integration of traditional and modern medicine has the potential to improve healthcare outcomes and promote cultural diversity. Further research is needed to explore the complex relationships between traditional and modern medicine in shamanic communities and to develop culturally appropriate healthcare policies and practices.

people who are leaders in the field of patented medicines:

1. Pascal Soriot: CEO of AstraZeneca, a British-Swedish multinational pharmaceutical company that produces patented medicines.

2. Albert Bourla: CEO of Pfizer, an American multinational pharmaceutical corporation that develops and produces patented medicines.

3. Kenneth C. Frazier: CEO of Merck & Co., an American multinational pharmaceutical company that produces patented medicines.

4. Emma Walmsley: CEO of GlaxoSmithKline, a British multinational pharmaceutical company that develops and produces patented medicines.

5. Giovanni Caforio: CEO of Bristol Myers Squibb, an American multinational pharmaceutical company that produces patented medicines.

6. Vasant Narasimhan: CEO of Novartis, a Swiss multinational pharmaceutical company that develops and produces patented medicines.

7. Severin Schwan: CEO of Roche, a Swiss multinational healthcare company that produces patented medicines.

8. Alex Gorsky: CEO of Johnson & Johnson, an American multinational corporation that produces medical devices, pharmaceuticals, and consumer goods, including patented medicines.

9. Paul Hudson: CEO of Sanofi, a French multinational pharmaceutical company that produces patented medicines.

10. Flemming Ornskov: CEO of Shire, an Irish biopharmaceutical company that develops and produces patented medicines.

References:

• Bodeker, G., & Kronenberg, F. (2002). A public health agenda for traditional, complementary, and alternative medicine. American Journal of Public Health, 92(10), 1582-1591.
• Kuhnlein, H. V., Receveur, O., & Soueida, R. (1996). Dietary change and traditional food systems of indigenous peoples. Annual Review of Nutrition, 16(1), 417-442.
• World Health Organization. (2002). WHO traditional medicine strategy 2002-2005. World Health Organization.